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1.1 ¤½¦@ª««~ (public good) «üªº¬O¶}©ñ¤©¤½²³¦P¨É¦³¤§ª««~¡C®Ú¾Ú©w¸q¡A§Ú­Ì¨S¦³¿ìªk¥i¥Hªý¤î¥¼´¿¥I¥X¥N»ùªº¤H¤h¨É¥Î¦¹µ¥ª««~¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.1¡C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good

1.2·f«K¨®°ÝÃD¡]Free rider problem¡^«üªº¬O¤@¨Ç¤H¦b¨S¦³¥I¥Xªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£³Ò¦ÓÀò¦a¨É¥Î¤½¦@ª««~¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.2¡C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_rider_problem

1.3 Olson ¹ïªÀ·|²Õ´ªº¸Ô²Ó¸Ñ»¡¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.3¡C

1.4 Gellner »{¬°¤j³W¼ÒªºªÀ·|¤À¤u¬O¤u·~¤Æªº¥ý¨M±ø¥ó¡C°ê®a¥ç¬°ªÀ·|¤À¤uªº»Ý­n¦Ó±À¦æ¥þ°ê©Êªº±Ð¨|¡C³o¸Ì¥þ°ê¤@­Pªº±Ð¨|»P°ê®a²Î¤@¦³¤Q¤À±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡C¸Ô¨£ºô¤WµùÄÀ1.4¡C

1.5 ¦³Ãö¾Ôª§»P²{¥N°ê®aªºµo®iªºÃö«Y¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.5¡C

1.6 «Â´µ¯S¥ï§Q¨È©M¬ù¬O¤T¤Q¦~¾Ôª§µ²§ô«á¡A¥Ñ«¢¥¬´µ³ù¤ý´Â¡Bªi®Ç¤ý´Â¤Î¦U½Ñ­Ô°ê©Ò½lµ²ªº©M¬ù¡C¦b©M¬ù¤¤½T¥ßªº¦èµo§Q¨È¥DÅv¡]Westphalian sovereignty¡^¤D¬O«ü¦b¯S©wªº°ê¬É¤º¡A¥DÅv¥Ñ¸Ó°êªº¦Xªk¬FÅv©ÒÃbÂ_¡A¨Ã¤£»P°ê¥~¤Î°ê¤ºªº¨ä¥L¤O¶q¤À¨É¡C¦³Ãö«Â¦èµo¨½¨È©M¬ùªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¥i°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.6¡C

1.7 ¦³Ãö²{¥N°ê®aªº©w¸q¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.7¡C

1.8¦³Ãö¥j¥N¦è¤èªÀ·|ªº¶¡±µºÞªvªº¤¶²Ð¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.8¡C

1.9¦³Ãö¥j¥N¤¤°êªº¶¡±µºÞªvªº¤¶²Ð¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.9¡C

1.10ªL·¶¥Í¦b³B²z¤­¥|·s¤å¤Æ¹B°Ê®É´£¥X¡u·NÃѦM¾÷¡v»¡¡A­±¹ï³o­Ó¦M¾÷®É±Ä¨ú¤F¡u¥þ½L©Ê¤Ï¶Ç²Î¥D¸q¥D¸q¡v¡]Totalistic Anti-traditionalism¡^ªº«äºû¼Ò¦¡¡A¤Þ¥X¥þ­±ªº­²©R¡F¹QÆm«h±j½Õ¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¤¤°ê­±¹ïªº°ÝÃD¡A¬O¥Ñ¥~¨Ó½ÄÀ»¤U¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ¡BªÀ·|¡B¤å¤Æ¨î«×ªº¥þ­±±Y¼ì¡A¬G¤£¥i¯à±Ä¨ú¤@¨B¤@¨BªºªÀ·|§ï¨}¤è¦¡¡A¦Ó»Ý­n¤@­Ó¥þ­±ªº­²©R¡C¸Ô¨£ºô¤WµùÄÀ1.10¡C

1.11 ¡u·Q¹³ªº¦@¦PÅé¡v¬OAnderson¥Î¨Ó¸ÑÄÀªñ¥N¥Á±Ú¥D¸q»P¥Á±Ú°ê®a¿³°_ªº­ì¦]¡C¥L´£¥X¡u¤p»¡¡v»P¡u³ø¯È¡vªº¥X²{¡AÅý¤H­Ì²£¥Í¤@ºØ¡u¦P®É¡B¦P¦a¡vªº¾®»E·P¡A¬O³y¦¨¥Á±Ú°ê®a³oºØ¦@¦PÅé·NÃѪº­ì¦]¡C

1.12¦³Ãö©Ô¤B¬ü¬w¤§¤Àµõªº±¡ªp¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ1.12¡C

1.13Ãö©ó¦h¤¸ªÀ·|¤U¦@ªv¬FÅ骺°Q½×¡GLijphart, A.µÛ¡A±i¼zªÛĶ¡G¡m¦h¤¸ªÀ·|ªº¥Á¥D¡n¡]¥x¥_¡G®Û«a¡A2003¡^¡A­¶1-36¡C

1.14Åv¤O¤U©ñªº§Q¹ú¡GHechter, M., Containing Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 139-52.

1.15¦³Ãö¤¤¥¡»P¦a°Ïªº«H¥ô¡G¦P¤W, pp. 152-5

¤¤°êªº¦M¾÷»P¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°êªº¦¨¥ß: ªL·¶¥ÍµÛ¡m¤¤°ê·NÃѪº¦M¾÷¡n (¶Q¶§:¶Q¦{¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ,1988);
Tsou, Tang ¡§Reflections on the Formation and Foundations of the Communist Party-State in China,¡¨ in The Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao China Reforms (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986), Pp. 259-267.
¬FÅv¤ÎªÀ¸s¥X²{ªº¦]¥Ñ¡GHechter, M., Containing Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 19-23


2.1½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.1¡C
ÄǬüµë¡]1997¡^¡C¡q­»´ä¤u·~µo®iªº¾ú¥v­y?¡r¡C¸ü©ó¤ý½éªZ¥D½s¡]1997¡^¡C¡m­»´ä¥v·s½s¡n¡C­»´ä¡G¤TÁp®Ñ©±(­»´ä)¦³­­¤½¥q¡C
¼B¸¾¥ÃµÛ¡G¡m²©ú­»´ä¥v¡n¡]­»´ä¡G¤TÁp®Ñ©±¡]­»´ä¡^¦³­­¤½¥q¡A1998¡^

2.2 À­«n¤å¤Æ«üªº¬OÀ­«n¤å¤Æ¬O«ü¤­À­¥H«n¼sªF¡B¼s¦è©M®ü«n¤@±a¿W¯Sªº¦a°ì¤å¤Æ¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.2¡C
http://www.chiculture.net/0217/html/c06/1205c06.html

2.3 °ê®aªÀ·|¥D¸q«üªº¬O©Ò¦³¥Í²£¸ê®Æ¦¬Âk°ê¦³ªºªÀ·|¥D¸q¼Ò¦¡¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.3¡C

relies on ownership of the means of production by the state. State socialism is often referred to simply as "socialism"; the attributive "state" is usually added only by socialists with a different vision, wishing to criticizestate socialism. Some socialists prefer to call the system state capitalism.
state socialism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_socialism

2.4 ¦³Ãö¾H¤p¥­§ï­²¶}©ñªº¸Ô²Ó¤¶²Ð½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.4¡C
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE

2.5 ¦³Ãö¤¤°ê°ò¼h¥Á¥Dµo®iªº²{ªp¡A¥i°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.5¡C
¤¤°ê°ò¼h¥Á¥Dµo®iªº²{ª¬©M°ÝÃD §õ¤Z
http://big5.china-labour.org.hk/public/contents/article?revision%5fid=4046&item%5fid=4045

2.6ªñ¦~ªº¥Á½ÕÅã¥Ü¡AÁaµM­»´ä¤H¦b¦^Âk«á·U¨Ó·U»{¦P¤¤°ê¤Hªº¨­¤À¡A¥L­Ì¤´´¶¹Mµø¦Û¤v¬°¿W¯Sªº­»´ä¤H¡C¸Ô²Ó²Î­p¼Æ¦r½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.36¡C
¨­¤À»{¦Pµ{«× - ºî¦X¹Ïªí - ¥b¦~µ² (26/6/2007) http://hkupop.hku.hk/chinese/popexpress/ethnic/overall/halfyr/chart/halfyr1.gif
°¨ªN°¶¡B¶¾À³Á¾(©ú³ø)·R´ä·R°êÃø·RÄÒ--10 ¦~¨Ó´ä¤H¥»¤g¨­¤À»P°ê±Ú¨­¤Àªº¨¤¤O
http://www.chinaeweekly.com/big5/viewarticle_big5.aspx?vid=4862

2.7¡u¦æ¬F§l¯Ç¬Fªv¡v¬O«ü¥Ñ¦æ¬F¨t²Î©Ó¾á¬Fªvªº¥\¯à¡A±q¦Ó§í¨î¨Ã®ø¸Ñ¸gÀÙºë­^©MªÀ·|¤j²³ªº¬Fªv·NÃÑ©M°Ñ»P½Ä°Ê¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.7¡C

¨ãÅé¦a»¡¡A¡u¦æ¬F§l¯Ç¬Fªv¡v¦³¤T¼h§t¸q¡G­º¥ý¥ÑÅv«Â¬F©²©Î¬Fªvºë­^ÃbÂ_¤@¤Á¬Fªv¨Mµ¦¡A¨ä¦¸¬O³Ì¤jµ{«×¦aº¡¨¬¥]¬A¸gÀÙºë­^©Mª¾ÃѺë­^¦b¤ºªº¨ä¥LªÀ·|ºë­^ªº¸gÀÙ§Q¯q©Î»Ý¨D¡A³Ì«á³q¹L¡u¿Ô¸ß¡vµ¥¤è¦¡¦w¼¾©Î¥­ ®§«Dºë­^¤j²³ªº¤£º¡©M¤Ï§Ü¡C
¦æ¬F§l¯Ç¬Fªv¡G­»´äªº¬Fªv¼Ò¦¡ / ª÷Ä£°ò ­»´ä¤§µo®i¸gÅç / ¨·¼}¾È, ª÷Ä£°ò¦X½s. Publisher Xianggang : Zhong wen da xue chu ban she, 1985. ­»´ä : ¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ, 1985.

2.8 ¦³½×ªÌ»{¬°¡u±¡§Ç²z©Ê¡v¬°­»´ä¶i¨Bªº­«­n¤¸¯À¤§¤@¡C¥i°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.8¡C

§f¤j¼Ö ±À°Ê¥Á¥D±À°ÊªÀ·|¶i¨Bhttp://www.synergynet.org.hk/html2/m3_658.htm

2.9Áp¨¹¨î¬O¤@ºØ°ê®aµ²ºc§Î¦¡¡A°ê®a¥ÑÁp¨¹¦¨­û²Õ¦¨¡A¦U¦¨­û³æ¦ì¥ý©óÁp¨¹°ê®a¦s¦b¡A¨Ã¥B¨É¦³¨ü¨ìªk«ßªº«OÅ@ªº¥DÅv¡C¸Ô±¡¥i°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.9¡C
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6

2.10
³æ¤@¨î¬O¤@ºØ°ê®aµ²ºc§Î¦¡¡A¦b³æ¤@¨îªº°ê®a¤¤¡A¦U¦æ¬F°Ï°ì³æ¦ì¥Ñ¤¤¥¡¬F©²»â¾É¡A²Õ¦¨¤@­Ó²Î¤@¥DÅvªº°ê®a¡C¸Ô±¡¥i°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ2.10¡C
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6&variant=zh-tw

3.1 ¦³Ãö¸Ó³õÁɨƪº¸Ô²Ó³ø¾É¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ3.1¡C

¡q´ä¶¤©¿µM¥¢±`¡A¤¤°ê¤j³Ó7¡G0¥X§½¡r¡A¡m©ú³ø¡n¡AA02ª©¡A2004¦~11¤ë18¤é
http://hkday.net/webbbs.cgi?state=22&bid=61&title=%B4%E4%B6%A4%A9%BF%B5M%A5%
A2%B1%60%A1@%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4j%B3%D37:0%A5X%A7%BD


¡q¨¬¨ó©x­û¡G­S«T·~¡u©é±o¤Ó¥û¡v¡r¡A¡m©ú³ø¡n¡AC24ª©¡A2004¦~11¤ë19¤é
life.mingpao.com/cfm/dailynews3.cfm?File=20041119/nalsp/spb2.txt
¡q¾ú¨Ó³Ì¤j±ÑÁZ·S¡u°²ªi¡vºÃ¤ª¡A´ä¶¤§]¤C³J¡B°ê¨¬¤´¥X§½¡r¡A¡m¬P®q¤é³ø¡n¡AA02ª©¡A2004¦~11¤ë18¤é
¡q´ä²y°g¡G§K¶O¤]¤£¬Ý­»´ä¨¬²y¡r¡A¡m©ú³ø¡n¡AC24ª©¡A2004¦~11¤ë19¤é
http://life.mingpao.com/cfm/dailynews3b.cfm?File=20041119/nalsp/spb1.txt
¡q´ä¶¤¤j±Ñ¦U¦³¦UÁ¿¡r¡A¡m­»´ä¸gÀÙ¤é³ø¡n¡AA49ª©¡A2004¦~11¤ë19¤é

3.2 §Y´ú©w¸Ó¨¥¥²¶·¬O¹ª§j¨ãÅ骺¹Hªk¦æ¬°¡A¦Ó¸Ó¨¥½×µoªí«á¥ç¥²µM·|¨Ï¸Ó¦æ¬°¥X²{¡A¤~¥i¤J¸o¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ3.2¡C
http://fungchiwood.com/20020920bl23wong.htm
http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~jour/events/ng_transcript.pdf

3.3 ¦³Ãö¤C¤@¨Æ¥óªº¸Ô²Ó¤ÀªR¡A¥»¤å¬O°Ñ¦Ò³¯Ãü¤å½sªº¡m¤C¤@¸ÑŪ¡n¡C­»´ä¡G©ú³ø¥Xª©ªÀ¡A2004¡C

3.4¦³Ãö¡u¦æ¬F¥D¾É¡v³o·§©Àªº¤¶²Ð¤Îµû½×¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ3.4¡C

³¯¥°¼Ý¡G¦æ¬F¥D¾É·§©Àªº¥Ñ¨Óhttp://www.article23.org.hk/newsupdate/apr04/0423c2.htm
ª¼¥Ø¾Ö©ê¦æ¬F¥D¾É¡A¤£§Q¬F§ï - ³¯´¼»·http://www.hkcorevalues.net/b5_article03.htm

3.5¦³Ãö¡u·R°ê½×¡vª§Ä³ªº¤¶²Ð¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Òºô¤WµùÄÀ3.5¡C

·R°ê°ò¥»ªk , ¿è¿ý¤F²³æªº¡u·R°ê½×ª§©í¨Æ¥óï¡v¡AÁÙ¦C¥X·R°ê¨¥½×
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³¯°·¥Á¡G¡q¦X§@ªººt¶i ¤¤´ä³Õ«Ù¦ÒÅç¥Á¥D¬£¡r¡A¡m©ú³ø¡n2005¦~10¤ë3¤é

http://chankinman.wordpress.com/2006/10/31/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%
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